Extract from report on indigenous children in the world, conducted by the Innocenti Research Centre (Digest 11) UNICEF.
My name is Edith. The dress I wear is my eltraje
community mazahua clothing. I gustavestirme so
but I have been discriminated against when llevabaeste suit.
I also have discriminated against the personasrubias
because my skin is a little black.
Edith (7 years), india Mazahua
Mexico City
Indigenous peoples often sonobjeto of discrimination, which can lead to various forms of exclusion omarginación, such as:
● exclusióncultural by which indigenous cultures are perceived as inferior, cleave attempted, in some cases, actively repress;
● exclusióneconómica, which leaves no that indigenous communities benefit from national economic development and participate in it;
● marginaciónpolítica, preventing the Indians enjoy full citizenship, to participate in decision-making processes and have representaciónadecuada local and national level.
laexclusión Often these manifestations of overlap or are interrelated.
The right to life, survival and development wing, as required by Article 6 of the CRC , is multifaceted. It is also closely related to other rights, focusing on subsequent lassecciones as the right to higher education and health nivelposible. Beyond the elements that contribute to the survival yal development of every child, in the case of indigenous children there are others that are closely linked to access to and use of land and thequality of the environment in which they live.
Where elderecho refusing to land (for example, by alienation or forced expulsion) lapérdida economic marginalization and cultural landmarks can have devastating effects inthe indigenous communities, and Children are among the first to suffer lasconsecuencias. Farm programs (including cultivation especiesilegales), oil exploration, logging activities ysilvicultura, mining (including diamond mining), the programasde construction of roads, dams and other innovations, as well as tourism, representanun serious danger to the survival and development of pueblosindígenas.
caused their displacement from traditional areas, cause pollution threaten ecosystems and cultural diversity based indigenous communities. In northern Quebec, for example, has shown that most marine mammals consumed by losinuit contaminated by industrial toxins. Because of this, in Nunavikla prenatal lead exposure, pollution conBPC (polychlorinated biphenyls, chemical substances from industrial, ypotencialmente persistent disruptive) and mercury is much higher than in Canadámeridional. In the Pacific islands, the industrialized countries exploit the land and water for nuclear testing ydescargar radioactive waste.
The resulting damage to the environment comprometela existence of indigenous cultures and communities in the region. Kenya is reported that poverty and deforestation (queh entailed, among other things, the disappearance of plants and trees utilizadosen traditional medicine) have contributed to the puebloogiek life expectancy is a mere 46 years . 10 children Ogiek, 5 die before they reach 5 years of age.
haveacopyofyourbirthcertificate The right to registration, a name and a nationality. Article 7 of the CRC requires the registration of children in the registroinmediatamente after birth. Further recognizes the right of the child, even a name and a nationality. As regards the niñosindígenas, however, the realization of this right entails grandesdesafíos.
In the Amazon subregion, for example, registration Brazilian Denino barely 45% in some states, while quesolamente 21% of Ecuadorian children of the Amazon with s age less than 5 years have a birth certificate (both indigenous. Both lospaíses high revenue as those with low income, rates demortalidad neonatal and infant mortality among indigenous groups sobrepasansignificativamente the figures for the population. In lasubregión the Mekong, the hill tribes have the highest rates of infant demortalidad, reflecting the cuantoa differences in income, nutrition and access to care. In Ratanakiri, Cambodia delnoreste a province near the border with the Democratic Republic of Laos People , it is estimated that the neonatal mortality rate is 187%, 58 chelates while national rate in 1999 was 86%.
Malaria is a major health problem provinceof, but easy to prevent other problems such as tuberculosis, lasenfermedades related diarrhea, anemia, child malnutrition andthe acute respiratory infections, are also an important object of concern from the point of view of health. demortalidad rates of infants in New Zealand Maori are almost twice as many models other infants, while in Australia the rate for indigenous losneonatos is even 3 times higher than the overall rate.
Moreover, life expectancy at birth to men and women calculapara Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander is notablementeinferior to that of other Australians, the difference is 19-20 years.
Similarly, maternatienden mortality rates to be higher among indigenous peoples in the population In General Vietnam access to maternal health care services infantilpasa 90% in urban areas to a mere 20% if we move to the zonasaisladas of the Central Highlands and northern mountainous regions, inhabited by peoples Indians. Northern mountainous regions tienenuna MMR 4 times higher than the lowlands. Numerososfactores contribute to these trends are set, including cabedestacar environmental conditions and the marginalization and poverty that often inhabited by indigenous peoples. Child malnutrition in Honduras is very unfenómeno widespread, but enter it reaches extreme proportions indigenous groups consider all children quecasi Tolupan (the Tolupan are numerically the second grupoindígena of Honduras) are malnourished.
In Cambodia and Vietnam less than half the hogaresindígenas have access to clean hygienically safe. In some cases, isolated communities that suffer susterritorios quick settlement may be particularly vulnerable to enfermedadesintroducidas by outsiders.
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