violence in Juarez and Cali
Since 1991, homicides in Cali do not go below 1,400 per year, with times of more than 2,000 dead, between 1993 and 1996 peak period of the heyday of the Cali cartel, later, over 2,000 again in 2004, almost 2,000 deaths in 2009 and 1,800 in 2010. Meanwhile, the local government hiding the seriousness of the figures with the invention of the "muertología."
By Alberto Ramos G. (*)
During 2010, almost all violent deaths in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, are due to drug trafficking. The figure is appalling 3,000 people riddled, while in Cali, where they cross several violence on a daily basis, the figure for 2010 exceeded the 1,800 deaths, and because of the drug have a significant percentage, 30%.
If production is legalized, Cali would prevent over 540 deaths per year. Not counting deaths and assaults carried out as a result of the "drug culture", which returned to the people who are associated with this phenomenon in people arrogant, intransigent and intolerant, with a machismo overloaded, compounding the urban violence.
Crime in Ciudad Juarez has grown since 2007 alone, 300 dead rose to 1,500 homicides in 2008, then 2,650 in 2009 and reached 3,000 murders in 2010. While in Cali since 1991 not lower than 1,400 homicides a year, with times of more than 2,000 dead, and between 1993 and 1996, peak period of the heyday of the Cali cartel, later, over 2,000 again in 2004 almost 2,000 deaths in 2009 and 1,800 in 2010.
Cali is the seventh most violent city in Latin America, taking the average of homicides per 100,000 inhabitants, after Juarez, Caracas, San Salvador, Tijuana, Sao Paulo and Medellin.
Ciudad Juarez, a city of 1.3 million inhabitants, is the most violent in Mexico and Latin America, is the urban scene of war between cartels because there are criminal gangs vie for control of territory the passage of narcotics into the U.S..
geographical location, to be adjacent to El Paso, Texas, makes a city coveted strategic location for drug traffickers and transport of coca. Are attacked several times during his holiday surprise teenagers or in rehabilitation centers, the extermination of boys appears to be a way to charge gang activities or to warn and threaten others.
The city is a theater of war with raids and continuing attacks. Unarmed, defenseless young people who die without knowing why, confusion prevails and the overall rating of troubled relationships without being stigmatized often actors and accomplices of any party.
Urban warfare in Mexico that comes from illegal drugs and bleeding causing a national from Mexico in 2006: more than 25,000 crimes. Only in 2009 recorded 7,720 deaths from drug trafficking. A war between drug cartels which is explained by the disputed territory and access routes for the export of narcotics to the U.S.
Eight posters
The war Mexico is an amorphous, ruthless and has two modes: 1) War posters, 2) engagement of the posters with the security forces refined. In Juarez cartel was born in that city and they have seat Gulf cartel operations and the Zetas (recently separated), the Sinaloa cartel, that of the Blacks, the group of the Beltran Leyva cartel more siblings Arellano Family Tijuana and Michoacan.
is not a civil war between the insurgents against the security forces. It is presenting the confrontation between drug cartels against the state, is a challenge of armed groups without political ideology against the authorities who had previously managed to corrupt, and against a declaration to combat drug traffickers, plus the police clearance. To be pursued seriously confront the state to "respect" the business of the mafia. In the last phase have turned to terrorism to terrorize, destroy and not to fight. President Calderon is running out of time to achieve their government without reducing the narcos.
terrorism and narco-mafia they began to use the posters to confront the government with more "comfort", ie to the extent that the Mexican armed forces act together and are being "sanitized" fences against cartels can narrow then come to the right-wing terrorism or white to create panic, uncontrolled by the central government, expand the panic and destabilize the institutions to be recomposed.
Although the Attorney General, Arturo Chavez refused to believe in the enthronement of terrorism, Samuel Gonzalez, former head of the Crime Unit Organized an I, said the attack in Juárez of July 15, 2010 was marked clearly by the narco.
"The use of a car bomb to carry out the attack means that drug dealers have raised the level of violence. Is to raise the level, people panic. So it is a terrorist act, because they could be killed with a grenade launcher, AK-47 weapons, but no. They want the image of the car bomb exploding on television, "he said.
Javier Oliva Posada, a specialist in national security, found that in recent years drug traffickers had carried out terrorist tactics, such as granadazos of September 15, 2008 in Morelia and Rodolfo Torre Cantú crime in Tamaulipas. But from their point of view, of Ciudad Juarez is new for the explosive and knowledgeable people in their management (www.ultimapalabra.mx).
In Mexico, the Federal Penal Code states that commits the crime of terrorism that "using toxic substances, chemical, biological or similar radioactive material or instruments that emit radiation, explosives or firearms, or by fire, flood or any other violent acts carried out against individuals, things or utilities, which produce alarm, fear or terror in the population or in a group or sector of it, to undermine national security or to pressure the authority to make a determination. "
The Terrorism is running not only against defenseless civilians, also depending on the bombing is terrorism attack or explosion of a police garrison, because there is no fighting, no warning, no fighting characteristics. In Torreon, Monterrey, Ciudad Juárez and elsewhere have been attacks and car bombs, grenades also have targeted civil society, that is the narco-terrorism that is in northern Mexico as a narco-state.
"It will be recalled that the experience" terrorist "in Mexico has not had an important event in Spain, Ireland, Israel or Colombia. Since the 70 insurgent groups attacking officials or employers, without them having the size of a terrorist act. Importantly, in the second half of the 80, with President Miguel de la Madrid, during the traditional parade of May workers facing the National Palace, a worker threw a Molotov cocktail into the presidential box without registering a significant impact. Already in the 90, the armed movements like the EZLN, with positions indigenous rights, puts them in a position other than historical guerrillas in Latin America. In this decade of the nineties, the drug gangs resorted to some unorthodox methods to intimidate police officers, such as quitting without activating grenades in the garage of their home "(Gaitán and Fregoso, 2002).
In Rio de Janeiro, with an estimated population of 6.3 million inhabitants, there is also an urban war of gangs linked to drug trafficking against the police, now in coalition through Peacekeeping Police Units, UPP . In the year 2010 local authorities had to request reinforcements to the central government to contain crime in the favelas, especially in areas of Rocinha, the Vila Cruzeiro Complex and German. The raging of violence is explained as a reaction to the persecution and the fear that they disrupt the drug business.
"Drug dealers replaced the State and benefactors were erected in the population, offering services like electricity, gas or cable television and popular organizing festivities, which come armed with pistols and rifles to show their power . The drama of the favelas was portrayed by successful films like City of God (2002), Fernando Meirelles, or Tropa de Elite (2007), Jose Padilha, won the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival and has just released its second part. "(www.rpp.com.pe).
In Cali, the "muertología"
Government In Cali common criminal gangs are proliferating out of control. The theft in its various forms are anxious to citizens, with street robberies, attacks on the residences, banks, jewelry stores, companies conveyor of values, etc.
interpersonal Fights and domestic violence casualties accretes. But the violence generated by the activity of micro-trafficking minicarteles expands, taking to the streets as the setting for revenge and executions for non-compliance. Without going to war Medellin gang, or gangs prevalent in San Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, or the clash of Juarez mafia in Cali this activity persists that shook the country in the early 80's. The question that arises is: What will be effective for the 2011 National Policy on urban safety?, Because the measures the mayor failed.
In Cali, the officials of the Department of Government, for several years, unable to stop the violence with a serious and effective criminal policy, they invented a variable amorphous violentology the muertología, in the absence of rigorous applications to understand epidemiology of violence. The muertología is a perverse technique of counting and discounting dead to prove by month, quarter, semester or each year, according to the time the report is submitted, an "improved security" highlighting a number of fewer deaths in one or other period.
The muertología, I could infer, has four forms of illusion, deception and deadly palmistry playing with the numbers:
1) not collect or cross information with record numbers of corpses that the Attorney General Office, Legal Medicine (the morgue), the National Police. So the data do not agree with those of CISALVA, which does add up all sources of information.
2) Remove or subtract killed in significant dates: the day of the mother, father, during the Feria de Cali, 24 or 31 December, and so on.
3) Discard some dead because the person was injured from some of the metropolitan area. This, here narrating the dispute over the fret and rally of bodies from Yumbo or Jamundí marrullas of the security forces to show every major desencartándose effectiveness of anonymous corpses or NN.
4) not tell the survivors of the attacks because they died instantly, there was no removal of the body, but dies later. That victim is on the list of personal injury. This could be verified by comparing the lists in hospitals and health centers, and across the figures with street robberies, theft of homes, cars, motorcycles, etc..
Cali, with 1,813 dead, 2010, 2,152 stolen cars, the 3040 bikes, 7,945 complaints from citizens, not to mention other crimes, is the second most violent city in Colombia and the seventh of America America.
Cali, without an urban war like Juarez and Tijuana in Mexico, or such as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with cartels, gangs and drug gangs, recorded almost half of total civilian deaths including all cities within a country as Iraq, occupied by foreign troops at war, with fighting between clans, ethnic groups and in full international terrorism, reported 3,976 civilian deaths during 2010.
(*) Master's Degree in Political Science, Universidad Javeriana. author of International Terrorism and the New World Order, member Gicpoderi research group of the Universidad Santiago de Cali, USC.
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